Bava Batra 22

Chapter 22

א אבל מייחד ליה פיתחא אין לו אלא ארבע אמות לפני פתחו
1 it carries with it only four cubits in front of his door. R. Huna said: An <i>exedra</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A covered way, open at the sides. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב אמר רב הונא אכסדרה אין לה ד' אמות טעמא מאי משום פירוק משאו הכא אפשר דעייל לגואי ומפרק מתיב רב ששת אחד שערי בתים ואחד שערי אכסדראות יש להן ד' אמות כי תניא ההיא באכסדרה דבי רב אכסדרה דבי רב פשיטא אידרונא מעליא הוא אלא באכסדרה רומייתא
2 does not carry with it four cubits. For why are the four cubits ordinarily allowed? To provide space for the owner to unload his animals. If there is an <i>exedra</i> he can go into it and unload there. R. Shesheth raised an objection [to this from the following]: 'Gates of exedras equally with gates of houses carry with them four cubits? — That was taught in reference to the <i>exedra</i> of a school-house. That the gate of the <i>exedra</i> of a schoolhouse carries with it four cubits is obvious, is it not, since it is a proper room?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Having sides with lattice-windows, and not being suitable for unloading. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> — We should say, therefore, [that it was taught in reference to a] Roman <i>exedra</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which had only sides a few feet high, not reaching to the roof, yet preventing unloading. [V. Krauss, TA. I, 367.] ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג תנו רבנן בית שער אכסדרה ומרפסת יש להן ד' אמות היו חמשה בתים פתוחין למרפסת אין להן אלא ד' אמות בלבד בעא מיניה ר' יוחנן מר' ינאי לול של תרנגולין יש לו ד' אמות או אין לו ד' אמות אמר ליה טעמא מאי משום פירוק משאו הכא מטפס ועולה מטפס ויורד
3 Our Rabbis taught: A lodge,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the entrance of a large house. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> an <i>exedra</i>, and a balcony<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A verandah on an upper storey with rooms opening out on to it and reached by a ladder or stair from the courtyard. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ד בעא מיניה רבא מרב נחמן בית חציו מקורה וחציו אינו מקורה יש לו ד' אמות או אין לו ד' אמות אמר ליה אין לו ד' אמות לא מבעיא קירויו מלגיו דאפשר דעייל לגואי ומפרק אלא אפילו קירויו כלפי חוץ אפשר דעייל לגואי ומפרק
4 carry with them four cubits. If there are five rooms opening on to the balcony, they carry with them only four cubits between them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the courtyard in front of the ladder by which the landing is reached. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> R. Johanan inquired of R. Jannai whether a hen-coop<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With a door opening into the courtyard. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ה בעא מיניה רב הונא מרבי אמי אחד מבני מבוי שבקש להחזיר פתחו למבוי אחר בני מבוי מעכבין עליו או אין מעכבין עליו אמר ליה בני מבוי מעכבין עליו
5 carried with it four cubits or not. He replied: Why are the four cubits ordinarily allowed? — To provide room for a man to unload his animal. Here the fowls can clamber up the wall to get out and clamber down the wall to get in. Raba inquired of R. Nahman: If a room is half roofed over and half unroofed, has it four cubits or not? He replied: It has not four cubits. If the roofing is over the inner part,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The part away from the courtyard. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ו אכסניא לפי בני אדם מתחלקת או לפי פתחים מתחלקת אמר ליה לפי בני אדם מתחלקת תניא נמי הכי זבל שבחצר מתחלקת לפי פתחים אכסניא לפי בני אדם
6 this goes without saying, since it is possible for him to go into the room and unload.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the unroofed part is not likely to be obstructed with furniture. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> But even if the roofing is over the outer part, it is still possible for him to go right through and unload [under the open part].
ז אמר רב הונא אחד מבני מבוי שבקש לסתום כנגד פתחו בני מבוי מעכבין עליו שמרבה עליהן את הדרך
7 R. Huna inquired of R. Ammi: If a man residing in one alleyway desires to open<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to turn round'. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> a door on to another alley-way,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supposing his house abuts on two alley-ways. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ח מיתיבי חמש חצרות פתוחות למבוי כולן משתמשות עם החיצונה והחיצונה משתמשת לעצמה והשאר משתמשות עם השניה והשניה משתמשת לעצמה ומשתמשת עם החיצונה
8 can the residents of this alley-way prevent him or not? He replied: They can prevent him. He then inquired: Are troops billeted per capita<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if a certain number are billeted on a courtyard, are they distributed equally among all the residents of the courtyard. (V. however Tosaf. or Maim. Yad Shekenim II, 8.] ');"><sup>12</sup></span> or [on each one] according to the number of his doors? He replied: Per capita. It has been taught to the same effect: The dung in the courtyard is divided according to doors [belonging to each resident], billeted troops per capita.
ט נמצאת פנימית משתמשת לעצמה ומשתמשת עם כל אחת ואחת
9 R. Huna said: If one of the residents of an alley-way desires to fence in the space facing his door,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the door of a courtyard opening on to an alley-way which leads to the public thoroughfare. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> the others can prevent him, on the ground that he forces more people into their space.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'increases the way for them'. This would more naturally mean, 'makes them go roundabout way' (So Rashi). We do not, however, find anywhere that the residents of a courtyard had a right to a space in the alley-way facing their gate, as they had in the courtyard facing their door. Tosaf. therefore supposes that the reference here is to the resident of the courtyard at the extreme end of the alley-way, where it forms a cul-de-sac. Hence the rendering adopted. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
י תנאי היא דתניא אחד מבני מבוי שבקש להחזיר פתחו למבוי אחר בני מבוי מעכבין עליו היה סתום ובקש לפותחו אין בני מבוי מעכבין עליו דברי רבי ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר חמש חצרות הפתוחות למבוי כולן משתמשות במבוי זו עם זו
10 An objection was brought [against this from the following]: 'If five [adjoining] courtyards open on an alley-way, all [the inner ones] share with the outside one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The one nearest the street. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> the use [of the part facing it], but the outside one can use that part only. The remainder [the inner three] share with the second, but the second has the use only of the part facing itself and the outside one. Thus the innermost one has sole use of the part facing itself and shares with all the others [the use of the part facing them]'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why then should he not be allowed to fence in the space facing his door seeing that the others have no right to use that part? ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יא חצרות מאן דכר שמייהו חסורי מחסרא והכי קתני וכן חמש חצרות הפתוחות למבוי כולן משתמשות עם החיצונה והחיצונה משתמשת לעצמה וכו' דברי רבי ר' שמעון בן אלעזר אומר חמש חצרות הפתוחות למבוי כולן משתמשות במבוי:
11 — There is a difference on this point between Tannaim, as it has been taught: If one of the residents of an alley-way desires to open a door on to another alley-way, the residents of that alley-way can prevent him. If, however, he only desires to reopen there one which had been closed, they cannot prevent him. This is the opinion of Rabbi. R. Simeon b. Gamaliel says: If there are five adjoining courtyards opening on to an alleyway, they all share the use of it alike.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which supports the opinion of R. Huna. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> How does 'courtyards' come in here? — There is a lacuna in the text, and it should run as follows: [They cannot prevent him;] and similarly, if there are five courtyards opening on to an alley-way, all share with the outside one, but the outside one can use that part only etc. This is the opinion of Rabbi.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And contrary to the opinion of R. Huna. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
יב אמר מר היה סתום ובקש לפותחו אין בני מבוי מעכבין עליו אמר רבא לא שנו אלא שלא פרץ את פצימיו אבל פרץ את פצימיו בני מבוי מעכבין עליו אמר ליה אביי לרבא תניא דמסייע לך
12 R. Simeon b. Gamaliel, however, says that if five courtyards open on to an alley-way, they all share the use of it. The Master has stated: If he desires to reopen a door which has been closed, the residents of the other courtyard cannot prevent him. Raba said: This rule was meant to apply only if he had not taken down the posts of the closed door,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because he thus shows that it is his intention to reopen it one day. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> but if he had done so, then the residents of the courtyard can prevent him reopening it. Abaye said to Raba: It has been taught in support of your opinion: